We adjust the notion of finitary filter pair, which was coined for creating and analyzing finitary logics, in such a way that we can treat logics of cardinality $$\kappa $$, where $$\kappa $$ is a regular cardinal. The corresponding new notion is called $$\kappa $$ -filter pair. A filter pair can be seen as a presentation of a logic, and we ask what different $$\kappa $$ -filter pairs give rise to a fixed logic of cardinality $$\kappa $$. To make the (...) question well-defined we restrict to a subcollection of filter pairs and establish a bijection from that collection to the set of natural extensions of that logic by a set of variables of cardinality $$\kappa $$. Along the way we use $$\kappa $$ -filter pairs to construct natural extensions for a given logic, work out the relationships between this construction and several others proposed in the literature, and show that the collection of natural extensions forms a complete lattice. In an optional section we introduce and motivate the concept of a general filter pair. (shrink)

Drawing on feminist and queer epistemologies, this article is concerned with the post-feminist media’s construction of girls’ sexual subjecthood. Broadly defined as a biopolitical ideal, post-feminism is here related to a set of principles of the neoliberal art of government. It will be argued that these principles ethically sustain the exponential mainstreaming of a post-feminist hermeneutics of adolescence and its programme of governmentality. The article also links post-feminism to a particular methodology of subjectification, ultimately locating its hermeneutics of adolescence within (...) the pornographic and pharmacological imperatives of contemporary capitalism. On the empirical level, the analysis explores how techno-scientific discourses and bodily figurations (namely brains and hormones) enter the discursive apparatus of a Portuguese girls’ magazine, giving ideological ground to a distinctive production of adolescent body-subjects. Post-feminist media markets are finally discussed as a significant segment of the capitalist industrialisation of sexual difference that frames the general problematic of this study. (shrink)

In this article I will look into Corporate Legal Responsibility taking into account Levinas’s notion of infinite responsibility, as well as his understanding of ethical language. My account of Levinas’s philosophy will show that it challenges – breaking down – deeply entrenched distinctions in the dominant strands of moral philosophy, within which the theory of individual responsibility is embedded, such as between:(1) duty to others on the one hand and supererogation on the other; (2) perfect duty to others on the (...) one hand and imperfect duties to others on the other; (3) insiders and outsiders; kith and kin on the one hand and strangers on the other; Levinas’s moral vision is an inclusive one which embraces all of humanity (at least of those present today) irrespective of historical, linguistic, cultural differences and diversities. In other words, each has responsibilities for and duties towards all others. Of course, one might say that there is nothing new about a universalising ethics – after all Kantianism, liberalism as well as utilitarianism are well known instances. However, more crucially, all these traditional moral philosophies uphold the theory of individual responsibility, which is rooted in the philosophy of individualism. Such a philosophy can make sense only of the concept of individual moral/legal agency but not corporate agency. Therefore, in this article I will attempt to show that the Levinasian vision is able to help us change our view with respect to corporate responsibility. (shrink)

The volume Conceptual Figures of Fragmentation and Reconfiguration is a collection of revised versions of the papers presented at a research seminar which took place at the School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, between January and June 2019. The seminar is one of the core activities of the project “Fragmentation and Reconfiguration: Experiencing the City between Art and Philosophy”, based at IFILNOVA – Nova Institute of Philosophy in Lisbon. This volume strives to reassess the relationship between (...) fragmentation and reconfiguration, the contemporary relevance of which can be appreciated by focusing on the experience of the city, in particular the aesthetic experience of the city. Following the structure of the original seminar presentations, and drawing on key philosophical authors such as Goethe, Benjamin, Wittgenstein, Foucault, Deleuze, Joyce, Proust, and Perec, each of the nine contributors focuses on a specific conceptual figure: Catastrophe (Gianfranco Ferraro); Ruins (Maria Filomena Molder); Chaosmopolitanism (Bartholomew Ryan); Morphogenesis (Maurizio Gribaudi); Atlas (Nélio Conceição); Archive (João Duarte); Collection (Maria João Gamito); Panoramic Presentation (Alexandra Dias Fortes); and Aesthetic Experience (Nuno Fonseca). (shrink)

The volume Conceptual Figures of Fragmentation and Reconfiguration is a collection of revised versions of the papers presented at a research seminar which took place at the School of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, between January and June 2019. The seminar is one of the core activities of the project “Fragmentation and Reconfiguration: Experiencing the City between Art and Philosophy”, based at IFILNOVA – Nova Institute of Philosophy in Lisbon. This volume strives to reassess the relationship between (...) fragmentation and reconfiguration, the contemporary relevance of which can be appreciated by focusing on the experience of the city, in particular the aesthetic experience of the city. Following the structure of the original seminar presentations, and drawing on key philosophical authors such as Goethe, Benjamin, Wittgenstein, Foucault, Deleuze, Joyce, Proust, and Perec, each of the nine contributors focuses on a specific conceptual figure: Catastrophe (Gianfranco Ferraro); Ruins (Maria Filomena Molder); Chaosmopolitanism (Bartholomew Ryan); Morphogenesis (Maurizio Gribaudi); Atlas (Nélio Conceição); Archive (João Duarte); Collection (Maria João Gamito); Panoramic Presentation (Alexandra Dias Fortes); and Aesthetic Experience (Nuno Fonseca). (shrink)

Neste artigo indicaremos que a proposição fundamental dos cursos de Geografia física de Kant é: o homem é habitante da Terra. Para validar essa tese, alinharemos a metodologia utilizada por Kant nos cursos de Antropologia e de Geografia física, a fim de evidenciar as convergências e divergências desses cursos. Além disso, também compararemos a metodologia empregada por Kant na História natural e na Geografia física, porque a distinção entre essas ciências nos permitirá ratificar a tese aqui defendida e delimitar os (...) critérios de validade da proposição acima indicada. Em Physische Geographie, Kant diferencia as proposições dessas disciplinas da seguinte maneira: as proposições geográficas se referem aos homens como habitantes da Terra, mas os investiga sem nenhuma perspectiva histórica, ou seja, os investiga no tempo presente. Ao contrário disso, as proposições naturalistas investigam os seres humanos em uma linha temporal sucessiva, a fim de demonstrar o que natureza fez deles. Dito isso, o problema central da história natural é demonstrar que os diferentes povos possuem uma origem comum e o problema central da geografia física é demonstrar de que maneira o habitat influencia no processo civilizador, moralizador, político e religioso dos diferentes povos. (shrink)

Este artigo objetiva ampliar a compreensão do tema masculinidades, feminilidades e geração, no que toca às questões relacionadas as religiões de matriz africana, focando sobremaneira as dimensões performática, secreta, e poder, com vistas no processo de produção de saberes envolvendo normatividades permeadas pelos critérios de sexo, classe e raça. Dois locus nos serviram como terreno para a discussão – a Irmandade da Boa Morte e o Culto de Babá Egun, já que em princípio são espaços de interdições, respectivamente, masculina e (...) feminina; são grupos que celebram a ancestralidade, sob o paradigma africano. (shrink)

Developed through a series of conceptual analyses (Edmund Husserl, Vilém Flusser, Ludwig Wittgenstein and Walter Benjamin) and case studies (Fernando Lopes’s Belarmino and Jeff Wall’s Mimic), this article delves into the relationship between gesture, attunement and atmosphere and how it unfolds in photographic works dealing with urban space. The first section focuses on the role played by photography in the film Belarmino, which raises questions about both the representation of urban phenomena and issues related to expression and gesture in boxing. (...) The second section discusses Husserl’s thinking on image consciousness and his surprising reference to a “photograph” of a boxer, which reveals the relevance of his phenomenological approach when it comes to defining the aesthetic properties of gesture-images. The third section examines the principles of Flusser’s philosophy of gestures, focusing on the semantic field of attunement and its connection with various elements related to photography, gesture, moods and affects. The question of gesture in photography—both the gestures of the photographed and those of the photographer—can be articulated with the notions of attunement and atmosphere, which go beyond semiological, psychological and communicational approaches and are important for our understanding of aesthetic and artistic experiences. Finally, if photography is a privileged way of studying atmospheres and gestures (as suggested by the Benjaminian notion of optical unconscious) and their connection with the inner life of the subject, in relation to urban space this study often acquires an intersubjective, social and political dimension, as in Jeff Wall’s Mimic. (shrink)

Bringing together a genealogy of authors, concepts, and aesthetic case studies, this article aims to contribute to the discussion on ordinary aesthetics by focusing on the tensions that are intrinsic to walking as a fundamental embodied action in everyday urban life. These tensions concern the movement of walking itself and its relation to one’s surroundings, but it also concerns a certain complementarity between home (familiarity) and wandering. Experiencing space and thresholds that disrupt one’s relationship with home and the everyday can (...) be understood as part of a modern “anti-home” tendency that lies at the core of several artistic and aesthetic practices. On the other hand, the study of walking and its relationship with the ordinary has also been enhanced and complexified by the mediation of images and technologies of reproduction. Approaching the paradoxes and ambiguities of everydayness from the perspective of walking allows us to better understand the ordinary as an in-between concept composed of evidence and mystery, familiarity and strangeness. Walking itself, as an ordinary element of life, is an unstable stabilisation, an unconsciousness that may become awareness, an immersive action that knows interruptions, a way of repeating paths that can also lead to detours and discoveries. (shrink)

ABSTRACT This article focuses on the role that the concept of “presence of mind” (Geistesgegenwart) plays in Walter Benjamin’s thought, deepening lines of interpretation that are connected to other relevant concepts such as “attention” (Aufmerksamkeit) and “now-time” (Jetztzeit). It examines elements of Benjamin’s work that develop the philosophical importance of presence of mind, emphasizing its corporeal dimension and its aesthetic and critical relevance. The analysis covers fve lines of interpretation that intersect in different ways: (i) presence of mind is a (...) form of thought/action that should be cultivated as a way of dealing with the experience of shock; (ii) having presence of mind is an attitude that can be exercised; (iii) “seizing the day” involves the body and presupposes an experience of intensive time; (iv) the conceptual framework of presence of mind integrates elements related to play; and (v) by valuing the present, presence of mind implies a relationship between danger and a critical gesture – in Benjamin’s historical and political reflection, this gesture intertwines the individual and the collective dimensions. (shrink)

A escola é um lugar onde as crianças compartilham o espaço-tempo com seus pares, outros sujeitos que compõem seu cotidiano e, por vezes, pesquisadoras que vão a campo com suas inquietações. Para a produção deste artigo, foi utilizado como material-base o relatório de campo desenvolvido durante uma oficina realizada com crianças do 1º ano do ensino fundamental, matriculadas em uma escola municipal localizada na Zona Norte da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A partir das falas, não falas e outras formas (...) de expressão protagonizadas por estudantes, professora e pesquisadoras, buscamos entender o lugar da palavra na elaboração de narrativas por e sobre as crianças no contexto escolar. Além dos/as autores/as do campo dos estudos da infância, apoiamo-nos em textos literários e poéticos, por fornecerem elementos que nos permitem situarmo-nos no mundo a partir de perspectivas diversas. Como exercício de reflexão sobre os movimentos e efeitos da palavra, traçamos três linhas de análise: a palavra que anseia brecha e escuta; as palavras impostas, mal endereçadas, limitantes; e, por último, as narrativas inventadas que viram de ponta-cabeça. Além de provocar educadores/as a olharem para suas práticas pedagógicas e mediações, desafiamo-nos a pensar se há espaço na escola para a expressão livre e criadora, formadora de leituras de si e da vida. (shrink)

Este artigo pretende demonstrar que o amor próprio na complacência e no autoengano são os fundamentos da possibilidade do solipsismo moral em Kant. Dividiremos o trabalho em duas partes. A primeira parte indicará que o amor próprio é um princípio volitivo, na medida em que é capaz de transformar uma inclinação em um fim da vontade. Isto é possível porque o ser humano subordina a lei moral à sua própria felicidade. Na segunda parte, o autoengano será avaliado como forma de (...) anular a culpa por meio da intenção e das más consequências da ação. Neste caso, o autoengano é o efeito sensível da força deste tipo de amor egoísta sobre o espírito do ser humano, porque a consciência moral é anulada pelas próprias mentiras. Por fim, será demonstrado que o amor próprio na complacência é a parte formal, um princípio volitivo capaz de transformar uma inclinação em objeto de desejo, e que o autoengano é o efeito sensível que este princípio produz na natureza humana. Palavras-chave: Amor Próprio; Solipsismo Moral; Felicidade; Natureza Humana; Liberdade. Moral solipsism in Kant: the dark side of moral consciousness Abstract: This article aims to demonstrate that self-love in complacency and self-deception are the foundations of the possibility of moral solipsism in Kant. We will divide the work into two parts. The first part will indicate that self-love is a volitional principle, in that it is capable of transforming an inclination into an end of the will. This is possible, since the human being subordinates the moral law to his own happiness. In the second part, self-deception will be evaluated as a way to nullify guilt through intention and the bad consequences of the action. In this case, self-deception is the sensitive effect of the force of this type of selfish love on the spirit of the human being, because moral conscience is annulled by one's own lies. Finally, it will be demonstrated that self-love in complacency is the formal part, a volitional principle capable of transforming an inclination into an object of desire, and that self-deception is the sensitive effect that this principle produces in human nature. Keywords: Self-Love; Moral Solipsism; Happiness; Human Nature; Freedom. Solipsismo moral en Kant: el lado oscuro de la conciencia moral Resumen: Este artículo pretende demostrar que el amor propio en la complacencia y el autoengaño son los fundamentos de la posibilidad del solipsismo moral en Kant. Dividiremos el trabajo en dos partes. La primera parte indicará que el amor propio es un principio volitivo, en cuanto que es capaz de transformar una inclinación en un fin de la voluntad. Esto es posible, ya que el ser humano subordina la ley moral a su propia felicidad. En la segunda parte se evaluará el autoengaño como una forma de anular la culpa a través de la intención y las malas consecuencias de la acción. En este caso, el autoengaño es el efecto sensible de la fuerza de este tipo de amor egoísta sobre el espíritu del ser humano, porque la conciencia moral es anulada por las propias mentiras. Finalmente, se demostrará que el amor propio en la complacencia es la parte formal, un principio volitivo capaz de transformar una inclinación en objeto de querer, y que el autoengaño es el efecto sensitivo que produce este principio en la naturaleza humana. Palabras-clave: Amor Propio; Solipsismo Moral; Felicidad; Naturaleza Humana; Libertad. Data de registro: 30/07/2024 Data de aceite: 30/10/2024. (shrink)

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar el trabajo del asociacionismo femenino juvenil como mecanismo de participación ciudadana orientado a la inserción de colectivos invisibilizados en el mercado laboral a través de la educación integrativa. La investigación se ha desarrollado a partir de un trabajo voluntario de nueve meses de duración en la Asociación Rosa Peris, en Barcelona, que proporciona becas de estudios a chicas jóvenes en situación de vulnerabilidad socioeconómica, cuyas edades oscilan entre 16 y 26 años. Se (...) ha realizado un análisis de contenido cualitativo del progreso profesional y personal de las becadas, además del impacto identitario. La presentación también ofrece información acerca de cómo pueden las asociaciones femeninas juveniles del tercer sector guiar al poder público en el diseño de políticas públicas y sociales, en materia de juventud e igualdad. Los resultados señalan el alcance práctico de estas intervenciones cívicas en la creación de políticas públicas, toda vez que consiguen fundamentar la producción político administrativa en la experiencia asociativa ciudadana juvenil. (shrink)

This text is the final work of researches around the themes of media and crime. Through analyses of articles published by different newspapers (season) São Carlos/SP try to understand the different representative constructions made by the local press in trying to build an entire sphere in favor of the trial and conviction of all accused to make part of the “Gang Mangano”. As a powerful vehicle of communication to the press, at that time, sought to protect socalled “good men” of (...) the time, which in general were those individuals who were part of the local elite. In this sense, choosing to cut a discourse around the concept of social/collective representations tried to prolematize this concept with the media and crime issues in an attempt to discern the main argumentative construction and training of social imaginary collective. (shrink)

Este artigo problematiza a possibilidade de uma definição de natureza humana em Kant a partir da sua teoria dos juízos. Cohen defende que a antropologia fisiológica é a base da antropologia pragmática, porque o ajuizamento do ser humano como um ser organizado, nos permite ajuizá-lo em conformidade a fins [ Zweckmässigkeit ]. Neste sentido, ainda de acordo com o pesquisador, a antropologia pragmática compartilha certas características metodológicas com os princípios de uma filosofia da biologia em Kant, pois a causalidade mecânica (...) é insuficiente para explicar os seres vivos, por isso é necessário um novo tipo de causalidade, que segundo Kant é a final. Mas, este novo tipo de causalidade somente é possível mediante um princípio teleológico, todavia Kant adverte que a causalidade final não é aplicada diretamente ao organismo vivo, mas sim ao conjunto de leis empíricas que o regem, o que nos permite ajuizar que qualquer ser vive segundo fins. Por essa razão, a antropologia fisiológica é a base da antropologia pragmática. Destarte, diferente dele, propomos que a concepção de natureza humana é viável a partir dos efeitos materias produzidos pelas condições de possibilidade e de execução das proposições sintéticas a priori práticas. Neste sentido, a nossa concepção de natureza humana é possível mediante um conjunto de efeitos, que neste caso é o sentimento moral [ moralische Gefühl ]. (shrink)

Este artigo procura dar início a um trabalho que visa organizar e sintetizar as reflexões e as posições de Montaigne sobre as questões políticas: a natureza da autoridade política, das leis, dos partidos, do eu. Vale a pena esclarecer que suas idéias sobre a política não nos permitem referir a “conceitos” em razão dos diferentes significados com que os temas são tratados. Por isso, optamos pelo termo “noções”, cujos significados são mais lassos e nos permitem acompanhar Montaigne no registro de (...) seu movimento paradoxal. Nos Ensaios, Montaigne utiliza em várias passagens as palavras “partido”, “facção” e “seita”. Importa salientar que, do ponto de vista da política, Montaigne questiona severamente o sectarismo, esteja onde estiver e venha de onde vier. A linguagem política do ensaísta é notoriamente dubitativa e vários termos utilizados têm significados diversos. Em Montaigne a impassibilidade política é praticamente impossível e se levada até suas extremas conseqüências do desapego ou da indiferença não é sequer virtude. (shrink)

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é evidenciar que a ideia de antropologia pragmática desenvolvida nas versões dos cursos de antropologia, que são Collegentwürfe, Menschenkunde e Anthropologie Dohna-Wundlackende, se ocupa de uma definição moral, porque ela está subordinada à doutrina da prudência. Essa é compreendida como a capacidade de os seres humanos influenciarem uns aos outros, segundo certos fins, os quais deverão ser úteis na vida em sociedade. Além disso, delimita-se que o sentido do adjetivo “pragmático”, presente nessas versões dos cursos (...) de antropologia, foi retirado da obra Initia Philosophiae practicae prima, de Baumgarten, pois, nas anotações de Kant acerca dessa obra, os motivos pragmáticos sempre determinarão leis privadas do arbítrio, as quais poderão, a priori, representar um interesse moral e, a posteriori, a realização de um fim almejado pelo ser racional finito. Por essa razão, defende-se haver nas obras kantianas citadas uma sinonímia entre a noção de antropologia pragmática e de doutrina da prudência.This article aims to evidence that the idea of pragmatic anthropology developed in the versions of the courses of anthropology that are Collegentwürfe, Menschenkunde and Anthropologie Dohna-Wundlackende, occupies of a moral definition, because it is subordinated to the doctrine of prudence. This doctrine is understood as the capacity from the human beings to influence each other according to certain goals, the ones that should be useful in social life. Besides that, we will delimit that the meaning of the pragmatic adjective present in these versions of the courses of anthropology was withdrawn from the work Initia Philosophiae practicae prima from Baumgarten, because in the notes of Kant about this work the pragmatic motives will always determine private laws of the will, the ones who may, a priori, represent a moral interest and, a posteriori, the accomplishment of a desired end by its finite rational being. By this reason, we defend to have in the quoted Kantian works a synonymy between the notion of pragmatic anthropology and the doctrine of prudence. (shrink)

Resumo: Analisando o papel desempenhado pela questão da técnica no pensamento de Walter Benjamin, o artigo debruça-se sobre a transformação dos valores estéticos, na modernidade. As técnicas de reprodução/registo inventadas nos séculos XIX e XX, como a fotografia e o cinema, obrigaram a uma revisão das articulações entre arte, técnica e história, articulações que Benjamin desenvolveu em diversos sentidos. Contudo, não encontramos, nos seus textos, uma filosofia da técnica de princípios claramente estabelecidos. Portanto, o presente artigo visa estabelecer uma constelação (...) de temas, os quais, brotando dos seus textos, nos permitem clarificar como a técnica influencia a transformação e a criação de valores estéticos, sendo estes entendidos como eixos em torno dos quais se dão a produção e a crítica dos fenómenos estéticos. A fotografia, constituindo um momento de viragem incisivamente estudado pelo autor, é o fio condutor das diferentes leituras. Historicidade da percepção; dimensão política da arte; sua relação com a memória; elemento de jogo: são estes os quatro eixos em torno dos quais se procura clarificar e, sempre que possível, prolongar a proposta benjaminiana.: Analyzing the role played by the question of technology in Walter Benjamin's thought, this article delves into the transformation of aesthetic values in modernity. The technologies of reproduction and recording invented during the 19th and 20th centuries, such as photography and cinema, led to a reformulation of the relationship between art, technology, and history, which Benjamin examined in various ways. However, we do not find in his texts a philosophy of technology with well-defined principles. Therefore, this article aims at establishing a constellation of themes emerging from his texts, that allows us to clarify the way technology promotes the transformation and creation of aesthetic values. These values are here understood as axes around which the production and the critique of aesthetic phenomena occur. Photography, as a turning point that was incisively studied by the author, is the leading thread in the different readings of his work. The historicity of perception; the political dimension of art; its relation with memory; the element of play: these are the four axes around which a clarification and, whenever possible, an expansion, of Benjamin's ideas are discussed. (shrink)

ObjectiveLoss of control eating has been directly related to the core aspects of the psychopathology of eating disorders and to different dimensions of emotion and behavior regulation and self-criticism. This study investigates a model representing the interplay between these dimensions to understand LOC eating among a nonclinical sample.MethodsA total of 341 participants, recruited in a college campus, completed a set of self-report measures assessing LOC eating, weight suppression, psychopathology of eating disorders, depression, negative urgency, emotion regulation difficulties, and self-criticism. Path (...) analysis modeling tested a hypothesized model with 3 paths for LOC eating as follows: psychopathology of eating disorders; emotion and behavior regulation; and interplay between these paths.ResultsWe found goodness-of-fit indexes to our data: χ2 = 17.11, df = 10, Comparative Fit Index = 0.99, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.98, Root Mean Square Error Approximation = 0.045, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.041, suggesting that: participants with higher weight suppression showed higher degrees of the psychopathology of eating disorders, which was linked to higher levels of LOC eating; self-criticism was a mediator between emotion regulation and depression/negative urgency; self-criticism was a mediator between emotion regulation and disorder eating, which was significantly associated with LOC eating via increased negative urgency.ConclusionOur model shows that LOC eating occurs for individuals with the psychopathology of higher eating disorders who experience depressive symptoms and act rashly under distress for their inability to cope adequately with negative feelings of self-devaluation. These findings point to the importance of negative self-evaluations and feelings of inadequacy or worthlessness to understand LOC eating among college students. (shrink)

Em "Do útil e do honesto" Montaigne indaga se, na defesa do Estado, haveria limites éticos para a ação do príncipe. O príncipe deve pautar-se pelo útil ou pelo honesto? Argumenta que o "devoir publique" é o limite da dedicação do súdito a um príncipe, o qual deve preservar a liberdade de julgamento. Ir além dos limites da consciência no serviço público é arriscar a confiança dos outros na veracidade de suas próprias palavras. Não há razão superior à razão de (...) consciência. Enquanto para Maquiavel o conceito de utilidade é fundamental, para Montaigne o útil não é o honesto. Ainda que a utilidade pública, mesmo que por uma "razão mais geral", obrigue à desonestidade, a moralidade deve vigorar no espaço público. A honestidade, no interior do espaço público, é uma força instituinte da sociedade política. Todavia, a pretensão à verdade e o cuidado com a "paix publique" são definitivamente distintos. Montaigne afirma a incompatibilidade entre a moral e a política, mas almeja um príncipe que não ignore o honesto. In "Of the useful and of the honest" Montaigne questions if, in the defense of the State, there shoud be any ethical limits to the action of the prince. Must the prince be guided by the useful or the honest? He argues that the "devoir publique" is the limit subjects have to respect in their dedication to the prince, preserving their freedom of judgment. In public affairs, going beyond the limits of conscience is risking the trust of others in the truth of one's words. There is no reason higher than consciousness. While, according to Machiavelli, the concept of utility is fundamental, Montaigne distingishes the useful from the honest. Even if the public utility (hence a "more general reason") may impose dishonesty, morality should prevail in the public space. Within the public space honesty is essential to institute the political society. However, to be truthful and to care about the "paix publique" are definitely different. Montaigne assumes the incompatibility between morality and politics, but not a prince who ignores the difference between the useful and the honest. (shrink)

Within the context of the contemporary heterogeneity of photographic practices, the present text describes some of the possibilities of understanding the temporality of photographs, giving an account of some important theoretical references. Bearing this in mind, describing photographs as sparks of reality is a way of expanding the Benjaminian proposal and avoiding the strict logics of causality. The strength of photography unfolds the technologically rooted paradox of photographs, whose contemporary relevance can be analysed in the intersection between aesthetics, history and (...) politics. The film 48, by the Portuguese filmmaker Susana Sousa Dias, explores this intersection by using and showing the cracks of the political prisoners’ mug shots. (shrink)

No presente artigo a proposta foi discutir alguns processos que tem marcado a história da Comunidade Quilombola de Velame, localizada a 54 km do município de Vitória da Conquista/Bahia. A metodologia utilizada foi a qualitativa, com a utilização da técnica de entrevistas e pesquisa de campo. Cotejamos essas informações com as encontradas no Relatório Antropológico da Comunidade Quilombola de Velame. O processo de expulsão de suas terras e o posterior regresso, deixaram profundas marcas na comunidade, uma vez que isso interferiu (...) diretamente na dimensão territorial e na quantidade de famílias que residiam na mesma. A análise de todo material coletado revelou que a incorporação da identidade quilombola é indicador de uma leitura estratégica da comunidade, tanto para acessar políticas públicas, como para dar início ao processo de titulação de suas terras. Notamos ainda que o Estado brasileiro continua a viver um enorme dilema, em se tratando da garantia dos direitos dos povos tradicionais, visto os seus operadores jurídico e político parecem, na maioria das vezes, inoperantes ante a necessidade de dar celeridade aos processos de titulação das terras quilombolas. Palavras-chave: comunidade quilombola; desenvolvimento social; políticas públicas; território. (shrink)

Este trabalho busca argumentar que a hermenêutica pode ser compreendida como a busca pela interpretação do sentido em Montaigne e em Gadamer. Para Montaigne o acontecimento faz o conhecimento, e não o conhecimento faz o acontecimento. Em Gadamer somente temos a ‘explicação’ e a ‘descrição’. Ambos, porém, constatam que outras possibilidades de inquisição ficaram ocultas pela abstração e pelo logos. Neste sentido, a hermenêutica escava estas camadas esquecidas, soterradas ou desprezadas. Em suma, investigamos como se dá esta busca pelo sentido (...) nestes dois autores seja por meio da conversação, seja por meio da linguagem. A ideia central que desenvolvemos está em que a conversação tem seu próprio espírito, e a linguagem que empregamos ‘desvela’ e deixa surgir algo que é a partir de então. Montaigne, inclusive, advoga a necessidade de uma nova linguagem para os filósofos pirrônicos que não podem expressar sua concepção geral em nenhuma forma de falar, pois precisariam de uma nova linguagem. (shrink)

O presente artigo visa analisar os significados dos conceitos de conhecimento do mundo e de Cosmotheoros em Kant, a fim de defender a tese de que ambos indicam uma metodologia investigativa da natureza humana. Essa metodologia visa evidenciar que o ser humano é o único ser racional conhecido capaz de produzir o seu próprio caráter e uma visão própria do mundo. Isso é possível, uma vez que a natureza humana é pensada como o efeito dos fins que ele cria para (...) si mesmo a fim de se aperfeiçoar. Em outras palavras, a natureza humana é o efeito daquilo que o homem faz de si mesmo como um ser moral e habitante da terra. (shrink)

O trabalho problematiza os impactos do ensino de Sociologia junto aos acadêmicos do curso de Enfermagem da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, ou seja, analisa as implicações do conhecimento sociológico para esses futuros profissionais. O enfermeiro lida com o contexto social continuamente, seja nas relações multiprofissionais, nas relações com os pacientes ou na compreensão do espaço onde está inserido. Nesse sentido, o conhecimento do campo social, cultural, político e econômico é fundamental para que o mesmo compreenda a dinâmica do (...) processo de trabalho da Enfermagem, tanto na esfera de serviços como na esfera da interação social. O conjunto de respostas dos participantes da pesquisa nos permitiu problematizar desde a forma como a disciplina estava sendo lecionada no curso, a carga horária da mesma, até a importância que os acadêmicos atribuíam à ela na trajetória de sua formação profissional. A pesquisa assumiu o tipo qualitativa, com a aplicação de questionários estruturados e questões abertas, contando com a participação de 22 acadêmicos. Os dados foram analisados numa ótica da busca pela percepção dos relatos de experiência dos acadêmicos, sendo verificados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. A pesquisa mostrou-se relevante na medida em que seus resultados forneceram importantes pistas sobre alguns dos desafios a serem enfrentados para um melhor aproveitamento da disciplina de sociologia na grade curricular de cursos dessa natureza. (shrink)

This paper focuses on the set of problems regarding the HIV/AIDS crisis in the specific domain of corporate moral responsibility within a context of the Levinasian notion of proximity (infinite responsibility) and the Third. Against a totalitarian, homogeneous society, Levinas opens the way to a social pluralism, which has its sources in the disquiet provoked by the strangeness of the Other's face. Corporate responsibility, understood from this point of view, would not reduce institutional relations to an anonymous world of neutrality. (...) Corporate responsibility is unconditional in the sense that to be responsible is not a question of choice, but one of deep liberty, the liberty of taking the burden of the infinite responsibility for the Other customers, employees, the public at large and those who suffer in the world. This paper argues that it would then also mean that society (individuals, NGOs and governments) in accordance with the spirit of the Levinasian philosophy of infinite responsibility could exert pressure on corporations, such as pharmaceutical companies. Owing to their power, they could change their present responsibility policies to a more affirmative and engaged responsibility with regard to those who are ill and who suffer death or debilitation from HIV/AIDS and other prevalent diseases in the poorest parts of the world today. (shrink)

In the current context of re-problematization of childhood as a concrete target of philosophical reflection in educational systems, above all, there is a unique disposition to put "childish" thinking into consideration as a target of educational organization and planning. While based on another perspective, the project Philosophy in School, developed by the University of Brasilia , is one of the many experiments in approximating childhood and philosophy. Addressing some of the questions implied in the alignment between philosophy, childhood and education, (...) this essay analyzes the viewpoints of children on the experience of philosophical practice in the early grades of a public school in Brazil. In their comments, the children indicate that philosophy class is a moment in which people ‘learn’ or ‘think’ differently. What these students have learned by practicing philosophy can be spoken in the space that philosophy opens for the child’s own voice. When they talk about philosophical experience, these children testify to the mark in their learning process that the experience of a different way of thinking leaves. This new, more attentive and sensitive point of view invites us to an experience in which teaching, learning and philosophizing with childhood, become not only a possible exercise, but its principal reference. (shrink)

Thesis summary: OLIVEIRA, Jotaci Brasiliano Conceição de. The first assembly of the people of God, a facet of the reception of the Second Vatican Council in the Archdiocese of Belo Horizonte.

Following David Hitchcock and Stephen Toulmin, this paper takes warrants to be material inference rules. It offers an account of the form such rules should take that is designed (a) to implement the idea that an argument/inference is valid only if it is entitlement preserving and (b) to support a qualitative version of evidence proportionalism. It attempts to capture what gives warrants their normative force by elaborating a concept of reliability tailored to its account of the form such rules should (...) take. (shrink)

Argumentation involves offering and/or exchanging reasons – either reasons for adopting various attitudes towards specific propositional contents or else reasons for acting in various ways. This paper develops the idea that the force of reasons is through and through a normative force because what good reasons accomplish is precisely to give one a certain sort of entitlement to do what they are reasons for. The paper attempts to shed light on what it is to have a reason, how the sort (...) of entitlement arising from reasons differs from other species of entitlement and how the norms by which such entitlement is assessed obtain their status as norms. (shrink)

Since its onset, scholars have characterized social media as a valuable source for data collection since it presents several benefits (e.g. exploring research questions with hard-to-reach populations). Nonetheless, methods of online data collection are riddled with ethical and methodological challenges that researchers must consider if they want to adopt good practices when collecting and analyzing online data. Drawing from our primary research project, where we collected passive online data on Reddit, we explore and detail the steps that researchers must consider (...) before collecting online data: (1) planning online data collection; (2) ethical considerations; and (3) data collection. We also discuss two atypical questions that researchers should also consider: (1) how to handle deleted user-generated content; and (2) how to quote user-generated content. Moving on from the dichotomous discussion between what is public and private data, we present recommendations for good practices when collecting and analyzing qualitative online data. (shrink)

Ecological sustainability is essential in order to ensure human flourishing and human freedom.1 There is a scientific consensus regarding the anthropogenic origin of the activities leading to diffe...

Gender bias is a recalcitrant problem in academia and society. However, dissent has been created on this issue. We focus on dissenting studies by Stephen J. Ceci and Wendy M. Williams, arguing that they reach conclusions that are unwarranted on the basis of the available evidence and that they ignore fundamental objections to their methodological decisions. Drawing on discussions from other contexts, particularly on manufactured dissent concerning anthropogenic climate change, we conclude that dissent on gender bias substantially contributes to the (...) exacerbation of biases in society and an increasing number of attacks on researchers, making it both epistemically and socially problematic. (shrink)

This paper challenges the view that arguments are (by definition, as it were) attempts to persuade or convince an audience to accept (or reject) a point of view by presenting reasons for (or against) that point of view. I maintain, first, that an arguer need not intend any effect beyond that of making it manifest to readers or hearers that there is a reason for doing some particular thing (e.g., for believing a certain proposition, or alternatively for rejecting it), and (...) second that when an arguer is in fact trying to induce an effect above and beyond rendering a reason manifest, the effect intended—the use to which his or her argument is put—need not be that hearers do what the stated reasons are reasons for doing. Where the actual or intended effect of making a reason R for doing X manifest is something other than doing X, I call it an oblique—as opposed to a direct—effect of making that reason manifest. The core of the paper presents an overview or map of the main categories of effect which arguments can have, and the main sub-types within each category, calling attention to the points at which such effects can be indirect or oblique effects. The purpose of that typology is to make it clear (i) how oblique effects can come about and (ii) how important a role they can play in the conduct of argumentation. (shrink)

The shooting bias hypothesis aims to explain the disproportionate number of minorities killed by police. We present the evidence mounting in support of the existence of shooting bias and then focus on two dissenting studies. We examine these studies in light of Biddle and Leuschner’s “inductive risk account of epistemically detrimental dissent” and conclude that, although they meet this account only partially, the studies are in fact epistemically and socially detrimental as they contribute to racism in society and to a (...) social atmosphere that is hostile to science as scholars working on issues of racism come under attack. We emphasize this final point via recourse to Kitcher’s “Millian argument against the freedom of research.”. (shrink)

The article examines the process of niche standardization in medical research as an example of democratizing strategies implemented in industry-funded science. I argue that niche standardization can lead to undesirable epistemic and ethical consequences, if the various goals of research are not properly aligned. I examine two examples: the case of Sarafem, approved for the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in women, and the case of BiDil, approved for exclusive use in African Americans for the treatment of congestive heart failure. (...) I conclude by cautioning against the unqualified support of democratizing strategies in industry-funded research. (shrink)